SOLOMON BEN JUDAH HA-BAVLI
- SOLOMON BEN JUDAH HA-BAVLI
- SOLOMON BEN JUDAH HA-BAVLI (mid-tenth century), Hebrew poet.
One of the first Hebrew hymnologists in Europe. He appears to have lived
in northern Italy though his family was of Oriental origin. Little is
known of him apart from some semilegendary allusions to him as an
esteemed paytan, and as one of those who conveyed the
Oriental "Secrets of Prayer" from Italy to Germany. The limited literary
remains now extant consist of a few hymns for the Sabbath and festivals,
as well as about 25 seliḥot. His best-known production is a
yoẓer for Passover, Or Yesha Me'usharim, the
pattern of which is taken from one of Eleazar Kallir's works, and later
served as a model for many other Italian and German hymnologists, such
as his pupil meshullam b. kalonymus . His avodah for the Day
of Atonement, Adderet Tilboshet, is one of the most puzzling
of its kind. The seliḥot of Solomon are often referred to as
shalmoniyyot, a term possibly derived from his name. His
poetry is remarkable for its rich, polished rhyme; only his
Avodah is unrhymed. His style is heavy and murky and his
works often raise difficult problems of commentary which the early
sages, including Rashi, tried to solve. His piyyutim had a
great influence on the works of the first Italian and Ashkenazi
paytanim who took him as a model. In 1865 L. Zunz prepared a
list of Solomon ha-Bavli's poems. E. Fleischer published the first
critical edition of his poems, with introduction and commentary, in
1973.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Zunz, Poesie, 100–4; 232–5; Elbogen, Gottesdienst, 325f.; Davidson,
Oẓar, 4 (1933), 470, S.V. Shelomo ha-Bavli;
Roth, Dark Ages, 259–62. ADD. BIBLIOGRAPHY: E.
Fleischer, The Poems of Shelomoh ha-Bavli (Hebrew; 1973);
idem, The Yoẓer (Hebrew; 1984), 647–53, passim.
(Ezra Fleischer)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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